Cultural Travel in South Tyrol, Italy

Exploring the Northern Region Inspired by Austrian Tradition

By Volker Poelzl

A castle in pastoral South Tyrol, Italy.

The scenery changes drastically where the extensive plains in northern Italy meet the southern rim of the Alps. The plains give way to tall mountain peaks that tower over quaint towns, while vineyards and orchards cover the picturesque valleys and slopes. In the heart of this southern alpine region lies the province of Alto Adige or South Tyrol. Although Italy is among Europe's top travel destinations, South Tyrol is far from Italy's main attractions, and international travelers largely overlook the region. But travelers who pass through this remote corner of northern Italy will discover a pristine mountain region with a unique local culture and history that is well worth a visit. If you arrive from other parts of Italy, you will first notice that it is not only the scenery that changes but also the culture, language, and traditions.

The southern Alps make South Tyrol a popular outdoors destination, with the spectacular Dolomite mountain range as a backdrop.

The Austrian Heritage

South Tyrol is an autonomous region that shares its history, culture, and language more with the Austrian province of Tyrol to the north than with the rest of Italy. German is widely spoken here, and the cultural traditions and customs are more closely related to Tyrol than the neighboring Italian provinces. For over 500 years, South Tyrol was part of the Duchy of Tyrol and the Austrian Empire and found itself in the middle of conflicts between Europe's major powers. The fortresses and castles scattered across the mountainous landscape offer evidence of the region's turbulent history. Many of the castles are now regional history or art museums.

South Tyrol's main towns were once wealthy centers of mining and trade, and most of them have maintained their historic flair to this day. Medieval houses line narrow cobblestone streets, and at every turn, visitors discover historical and artistic treasures, from beautiful arcades to oriel windows, medieval frescoes, Gothic town halls, and tall bell towers.

A walking street in a typical village in South Tyrol, with the Austrian influence apparent in the architecture.

South Tyrol's Isolation Keeps Culture and Traditions Alive

Due to the region's geography of isolated valleys separated by tall mountains, South Tyrol has maintained its traditional livelihood based upon agriculture and its age-old customs and traditions. Folkloric groups and brass bands are prevalent everywhere, and each village has its traditional costumes, favorite folk dances, and traditional dishes.

If you are lucky, you might be there in time to attend a village festival or celebration dedicated to a local patron saint, which is a great way to learn about the traditional customs. In addition to religious festivals based on the Catholic calendar, there are many other cultural events worth attending, especially in early fall. The fall is wine harvest season and the time to bring the cattle back into the valleys from the high alpine summer pastures. The event is celebrated in many towns and villages all over South Tyrol. People dress in traditional costumes, brass bands play traditional music, and dance troupes perform folk dances. The head bull is lavishly decorated as he is led back from the mountains ahead of the herd. The largest of these events is held annually in early October in the village of Meransen just north of the town of Brixen (Italian: Bressanone). The end of the harvest season is also the time to show off the products of South Tyrol's prosperous agricultural cottage industry. There are festivals and fairs dedicated to dairy products, sheep, horses, chestnuts, pumpkins, apples, dumplings, cured ham, and wine.

Toerggelen

Tasting young wine in early fall is among South Tyrol's most typical cultural traditions. Known locally as "Toerggelen," this popular celebration — which takes place in September and October — commemorates the end of the harvest and the tasting of young wine. The word Toerggelen originates from the word "Torggel' which means winepress. The tradition originated in the Eisack Valley (Italian: Valle d'Isarco), which dissects the central part of South Tyrol from north to south and is the region's most fertile wine-growing region.

Although Toerggelen has become an international tourist attraction, with tour buses shuttling groups of tourists to large commercial festivals, traditional Toerggelen is still popular among the locals. Toerggelen dates back to the 15th century. Farmhands, family, and friends were served a festive meal and young wine after the completion of the harvest. Today, Toerggelen is celebrated similarly by walking from village to village and tasting young homemade wine at farmhouse inns. Guests are served young wine, roasted chestnuts, and other local delicacies such as smoked meats, cheese, sausages, and rustic bread. This tradition is a beautiful experience because it combines wine and food tasting with walking on picturesque hiking trails before the dramatic backdrop of the Southern Alps.

Toerggelen is also celebrated in small village festivals, attended mainly by locals. Wine and food are sold at market stands, and people sit on large wooden benches, drink wine, eat roasted chestnuts, and watch the performances of traditional brass bands and folkloric groups. Some booths sell local food specialties and handicrafts--a perfect opportunity to find authentic souvenirs while supporting the trade of traditional artisans.

Brixen (Italian: Bressanone), the largest town in the Eisack Valley (Valle d'Isarco), is one the best bases for Toerggelen walks since it is in the heart of the region's wine-growing area. Other great starting points are Bozen (Bolzano), Klausen (Chiusa), Tramin (Termano), Kaltern (Caldaro), and Eppan (Appiano).

Rustic Alpine Cuisine

Just like the culinary traditions of other Alpine regions, the cooking in South Tyrol is rustic, hearty, and based on locally available ingredients. South Tyrol is a densely cultivated region with a rich agricultural tradition. The thriving community of small farmers prides itself on its cottage industry that produces wine and many other local specialty foods and delicacies. Among the region's most famous products are a variety of delicious cheeses, smoked sausages, cured meats, preserves, and liqueurs. Perhaps the best-known delicacy is the locally produced "speck," a salt-cured, lightly smoked, and aged ham available as an appetizer at restaurants and served at farmhouse inns throughout the region. You should also try the different local bread varieties, such as "Vinschger Paarl," a double roll made from rye flour, and "Schüttlbrot" (shaken bread), a flatbread made from grape seed flour. Many small farms sell the products of their cottage industry at farmhouse inns, weekly farmer's markets, and at South Tyrol's festivals and food fairs.

Outdoor Activities

In addition to the easy walks from farm to farm which are a big part of the Toerggelen tradition, South Tyrol's pristine mountain environment offers many other great outdoor activities. Numerous hiking trails lead up high above the tree line into the alpine meadows, and there are strenuous mountaineering routes for experienced climbers. Mountain biking and horseback riding are also popular activities, and an extensive network of trails allows visitors to explore the region on a bicycle or horseback.

When to Go

Fall is the best season to visit South Tyrol, not only because of the many festivals and cultural activities but also because of the mild weather. When the northern Alps experience the first frost, the Southern Alps in South Tyrol are still sunny and warm. The high season is over by early September, so there are fewer tourists, and prices are significantly lower than during summer, so it is also an ideal time for hiking and other outdoor activities.

Where to Stay

Farm stays are a great way to learn about the local culture and farming traditions. Roter Hahn, a site created by South Tyrol's farmer's union, is the best portal for regional farm stays. There are also many affordable bed and breakfast establishments in South Tyrol. Look for "Zimmer Frei" (Vacancy) signs along the main roads, or ask at a local tourist office.

Volker Poelzl is a Living Abroad Contributing Editor for TransitionsAbroad.com who grew up in Europe. On his frequent visits to his home country, Austria, he also regularly explores neighboring countries and enjoys sharing his experiences.